The Baltimore-Washington-Richmond corridor’s economy is at an inflection point: without a concerted effort to diversify and shift its economic trajectory, the region risks further falling behind its national peers. This pivotal moment presents an opportunity for regional business and civic leaders to align on economic priorities and strategies that could jumpstart a more competitive and prosperous future.
However, the region’s composition—multiple states with overlapping metro areas and unique priorities—creates a coordination challenge. Addressing the region’s economic challenges will require working across state lines to align on policies and strategies that will improve its attractiveness for businesses and residents alike.
Business leaders across the region already agree on this challenge: in a recent survey of locally-based employers, 42% rated the region’s cross-jurisdictional collaboration as only slightly effective—or not effective at all. The results offer a clear signal that better alignment on policies, regulations, and investment strategies across Maryland, Virginia, and the District of Columbia could remove friction across borders and jumpstart the region’s competitiveness.
Lessons from Other Regions
Place-based research has shown the benefits of regional collaboration for shared economic success, offering lessons that can be applied here in our region. Collaboration across jurisdictions can spur economic development by aligning investments, reducing duplicative infrastructure and services, and increasing effectiveness in reaching regional policy and economic goals. A recent Urban Institute report confirms that a lack of regional coordination can produce inefficient metro economies, particularly around issues that are deeply interdependent across jurisdictional boundaries, such as transportation and housing.
The corridor from Baltimore to Richmond is clearly not alone in dealing with a need for greater collaboration, and other regional economies that span state lines have developed promising strategies to boost competitiveness. Adapting and modifying these efforts—while building on the preexisting advantages already present in the region—could unlock the next stage of regional growth.
- One approach is to align interjurisdictional efforts in support of a shared industry that straddles multiple states. For instance, the Southeastern New England Defense Industry Alliance (SENEDIA) identifies, champions, and coordinates efforts related to defense and national security manufacturing across Rhode Island, Connecticut, and Massachusetts. This national hub for defense innovation is better able to deliver economic and workforce development across jurisdictions through this effort that bridges businesses, governments, and institutions across state lines.
- Cross-border collaboration is also promoted by Regional Economic Development Initiative (REDI) Cincinnati, which operates as a unified point of contact for companies looking to invest in the three-state Cincinnati metro area. Its success comes from its ability to offer “unique tax and incentive environments for businesses looking to locate or expand…creating an ecosystem of choice and collaboration among economic development organizations not often found in traditional one-state entities.” The initiative’s efforts helped bring 43,000 new jobs and $5.6 billion in capital investments to the region since 2014.
Regional alliances such as these help eliminate counterproductive competition that can devolve into zero-sum bidding wars that essentially relocate firms across state lines without creating real regional growth. A well-known example of this occurred in Kansas and Missouri through efforts to lure companies across the border through targeted tax incentives, a gambit that ultimately shifted jobs by just a few miles—with little if any net creation—and cost taxpayers $217 million. In other ways, however, competition can be beneficial when it encourages states to strengthen assets like talent pipelines, transportation networks, and permitting processes.
By emulating successful interjurisdictional initiatives and committing to being a more business-friendly and affordable destination, each jurisdiction in this region will be able to benefit. Aligning strategy on core competitiveness issues, like affordability and regulatory ease, will make it easier in the long run for the entire region to be successful, with each part of the region better able to focus on its comparative advantages and industry strengths.
The Time for Better Collaboration is Now
Amid the economic upheaval of the past year, it’s become increasingly evident that the region’s existing wealth of talent and economic assets are no longer enough to maintain a competitive edge nationally. Regional peers are outpacing the corridor in attracting businesses and talent, driven by faster development timelines, greater affordability, stronger job growth, and better quality of life.
The warning lights are flashing red for the region’s shared economic future:
- GDP growth in metro Baltimore, Washington, and Richmond has trailed leading competitors over the past five years, with metro areas like Charlotte, Dallas, and Seattle growing nearly twice as fast.
- Federal cutbacks weakened the region’s employment base, with nearly 74,000 federal jobs lost in 2025 across the region.
- Even the private sector, particularly the well-paying professional services sector, is falling behind as a key engine of job growth and stability in the region, losing 16,600 jobs last year and offering 11% fewer job openings.
- Between 2019 and 2023, 56% of residents moving to the region cited job-related reasons, notably more than the U.S. average (39%), while more people are leaving the region for housing reasons (22%) than the U.S. average (18%).
Greater Collaboration, Greater Competitiveness
So, where and how should the region be better aligned? A survey of the region’s leading employers identified several concrete areas in which coordination across the region can be improved:
- Business attraction and retention strategies, including regional branding and marketing;
- Tax policy alignment and predictability;
- Transportation and land-use policies;
- Housing supply and affordability.
Regional leaders are already making some progress on these areas during recent legislative sessions:
- Maryland advanced new economic competitiveness legislation and housing development reforms, including support for transit-oriented development and regulatory certainty. This session also resulted in efforts to proactively consider the state’s economic future, support the start-up ecosystem, and integrate AI training into workforce development programs.
- Virginia passed a series of bills addressing the state’s housing and energy affordability issues.
- Washington, DC, has leaned into downtown office conversion and business-attraction tools.
Maintaining and growing these efforts will be essential in coming years, as the region seeks to reassert itself as a more competitive and desirable place for businesses and residents. But ultimately, regional competitiveness will only improve by becoming a shared priority for Maryland, Virginia, Washington, DC, and private-sector leaders—not left as a matter of individual state policy.
When policymakers, business leaders, and civic institutions begin treating the corridor as a single competitive unit, while still leaning into each place’s comparative advantages, a more successful region will emerge. Identifying the areas in which collaboration can work is key, and some of those areas are already coming into focus: infrastructure, housing, regulatory reform, and creating a shared economic brand.